You can unsubscribe at any time. Additional benefits of patch antennas is that they are easily fabricated making them cost effective. 8. The K values for the various transmission lines are also copied from his Transmission Line Details windows software. Figure 5. 1: Impedance-matching using a quarter-wavelength transmission line. TX-LINE software is a FREE and interactive transmission-line utility for the analysis and synthesis of transmission-line structures that can be used directly in Cadence ® AWR ® Microwave Office ® software for matching-circuits, couplers, and other high-frequency designs. Propagation delay is how long it takes a signal to travel over a network from its sender to its receiver. 0 spreadsheet format, (~10K zip file). Grover. For MLTLs, there are three fundamental choices: Tapered with narrow top, straight pipe, or tapered with wide top. Coverage. A microstrip width calculator can calculate the width of a microstrip. As we know that the definition of the return loss of a system is the ratio of incident power to reflected power. And in the case of ladder line, SWR on the line doesn’t hurt a thing. Calculate the Effect of Additional Mass on the Thiele-Small Parameters. ATLC (Arbitrary Transmission Line Calculator) based on finite difference is used to find the characteristic impedance of a pair of parallel square conductors in air. Ⅰ IntroductionA potentiometer is a three-terminal resistor with a sliding or rotating. If you use the 1/4 rise time/wavelength limit, then you are just guessing at the. Quarter Wave Transformer Impedance Calculator. It is an analysis and synthesis tool for calculating the. The application was somewhat inspired by transcalc by Claudio Girardi and Gopal Narayanan. It was invented because of the undesirable effects on coaxial cable when signals in the microwave range propagate through it. One of the most common types of transmission line, coaxial cable. Line Type: Belden 8215 (RG-6A) Belden 8237 (RG-8) Belden 9913 (RG-8) Belden 9258 (RG-8X) Belden 8213 (RG-11) Belden 8261 (RG-11A) Belden 8240 (RG-58) Belden. Antenna Downtilt Angle Calculator. Pasternack waveguides are structures for guiding electromagnetic waves, often called a waveguide transmission line. In electrical engineering, it is a good practice to. . Friis Transmission Calculator. The microstrip patch antenna calculator determines the length (L) and width (W) of a rectangular microstrip patch antenna for a given resonant frequency or vice versa. 946 for silver, or 1. When most hams think of transmission lines, the word “coax” comes to mind. The below step by step solved example problem may helpful for users to understand how the input values are being used in such calculations to find the ratio of load impedance matching to the transmission line or wave guide characteristic impedance (Z 0). This calculator is particularly useful in designing and analyzing coplanar waveguide (CPW) transmission lines used in high-frequency applications. Get up-to-date information on products and solutions by opting in to receive emails from us. 3. Select the method of measurement. Is wavelength same as the line length or am I wrong? $$lambda = frac{v}{f} = 0. Waveguides are. = 2π/15 x 10 3. Although implementations vary, the wire diameter is usually about 1 mm and and the wire spacing is usually about 6 mm. The line that's smoother is the combination of the cone and the transmission line. Volume Calculator For Sphere Loudspeaker Casing. Create an equation-based transmission line 50 cm in length. Refer Microstrip line basics >> and Microstrip line types >>. Just enter the given values for trace thickness, substrate heights, trace width, and substrate dielectric. Transm. Where: Z0 Z 0 = characteristic impedance of the asymmetric stripline in ohms (Ω). EXE by Dean Straw N6BV. The parameters computed are the resistance R, reactance X, susceptance B, and conductance G. The allegro calculator gives a value of 56. To conduct the correct three-phase power calculation to the problem given above: Identify the given parameters — active power = 5 kW, phase voltage = 400 V and line current = 8. 2 | TRANSMISSION LINE CALCULATOR About the Transmission Line Calculator Transmission lines are used to guide waves of alternating current and voltage at radio frequencies and have been used for more than 150 years, starting with the first telegraph cables in the 1850s. Also please provide clear definition of all. Today, transmission lines exist in a variety of forms, many of. Transmission Lines (TLs) A TL is a major component of an electrical power system. The spacing between the two conductors is maintained to avoid RF radiation. Textbook - Waveguides:. The article postulated that energy from the rear of a driver unit could be essentially absorbed, without damping the cone's motion or superimposing internal reflections and resonance, so. Chemandy Electronics. For example, if you wish to input "25000000", just type "25M" instead. 4e-11 (default) | positive scalar. External traces: I = 0. Zo (unloaded trace impedance, Ohms) = Tpd (unloaded propagation delay, ps/unit len) = Cl (distributed capacitve load, pf) = len (transmission line Length) = Zl (loaded Impedance, Ohms) = 1%, 5%, 10% Component Value Calculator. This is particularly noticeable at 110hz. This book chapter presents Smith chart instruments which are purely mechanical in operation, and are thus more analogous to the ordinary logarithmic-scaled slide rule. Also find other calculators for impedance, Smith chart,. Pulse Forming Network Equations and Calculator. 2". A: The electrical length of the coupled transmission lines is also a design parameter. μr μ r = relative permeability. 946 for silver, or 1. In the previous chapter, we introduced the transmission line and the transmission-line equations. Radford in Wireless World magazine. To use the calculator, place values in either the velocity of propagation field or the dielectric constant field. H eff = H 1 + H 2 2 H e f f = H 1 + H 2 2. The formulas used in the calculator create a design that suggests the most maximally flat response in an anechoic environment based on the number of drivers, the thiele small parameters and the allotted dimensions specified in the user’s input fields. Depending on circuit sensitivity, the distributed. A pair of lines can be modeled as follows: Differential pair line. The Antenova Transmission Line Calculator considers all these aspects for you. In the field of electrical engineering, it's important to calculate the characteristic impedance Z 0 to analyse the transmission lines. Today, transmission lines exist in a variety of forms, many of which are. C — Capacitance per unit length 9. +62 31 8914627 / Jawa Timur, Indonesia. 2. In data transmission lines, the dielectric material property influences the propagation delay and is proportional to the relative permittivity or dielectric constant (e r )of the material. Access Rogers' calculators, literature, technical papers and request samples on your smart phone or tablet through the ROG mobile app. Impedance calculationDownload Transmission Line Calculator for free. In this measurement, a voltage source is used to excite Port 1 and the received signal at. I is the current flowing through the line. Rogers Advanced Connectivity Solutions (ACS) has introduced an updated design program that is free to download called the MWI-2017 Microwave Impedance Calculator, a transmission line modeling tool for electronics engineers (setting up an account is required). Edit By FormCoaxial Cable Impedance Calculator. E. 25 cm² converts to a diameter of 4. TLDetails includes a plot function that allows you to plot the matched line loss, the true velocity factor, or the true characteristic impedance magnitude, over a frequency range of either 0. R. The above formula, step by step calculation & solved example. TX-Line enables users enter either physical characteristics or electrical characteristic for common transmission medium such as:Capacitively Loaded Transmission Line Calculator. Transcalc is an analysis and synthesis tool for calculating the electrical and physical properties of different kinds of RF and microwave transmission lines. The following steps outline how to calculate the characteristic impedance (Z0) for a Transmission Line using the given formula: First, determine the values of R, w, L, G, and C. If the voltage and current to the motor are 400 V and 8. A two part calculator which gives ideal and preferred value resistors, showing most formulas used and a link to the others. As was mentioned earlier, this is the dielectric loss in units of dB per unit length in a transmission line: Where: G = Conductance pul of the dielectric material. This calculator is a tool for designing balanced transmission lines with. Read the Speaker Box Design Tutorial. Figure 1. 2. Instructions. fAbout the Transmission Line Calculator. XLINE - This Windows program is another implementation of the Transmission Line Equations for the Windows environment, similar to TLE or SWAVE programs, above. Twisted pairs are used with balanced signals. or any device with a web browser. The. This calculator is designed to help calculate the value of the resistors R1 and R2 to be used in T-pad attenuator. Frequency span ±. 4: Lumped-Element Model. All the math involved is well explained and documented by Dan AC6LA on his site. Figure 3. Fig. The IPC-2141 trace Impedance calculator will help make initial design easier by allowing the user to input basic parameters and get a calculated impedance according to the IPC-2141 standard. 0041. This is a required field. At low frequencies near 0 GHz, the input impedance is inductive since. If this were a load on the line, we recognize from transmission-line November 15, 2023 by Rafay Javed. Polar or rectangular grids only allow direct reading of S11. The IPC-2141 trace Impedance calculator will help make initial design easier by allowing the user to input basic parameters and get a calculated impedance according to the IPC-2141 standard. The user will select the circuit materials and the circuit construction, after which the software will determine the predicted impedance and other electrical information. Many hams have the urge to home-brew parallel transmission lines. 1 shows the tapered transmission line matching section, where Z 1 and Z 2 are the two impedances to match. Step by step calculation. The trace width can then be calculated by re-arranging this formula to determine the cross-sectional area that. Transmission Line Details by Dan AC6LA. The Line Parameter Calculator app provides a tool to compute the RLC line parameters of the Distributed Parameters Line and PI Section Line blocks and the frequency-dependent parameters of a Distributed Parameters Line (Frequency-Dependent) block. This calculator is particularly useful in designing and analyzing coplanar waveguide (CPW) transmission lines used in high-frequency applications. 1 to 100 MHz or 1 to 1000 MHz. . The Smith Chart graphically maps S11=reflection coefficient= (ZL-Z0)/ (ZL+Z0) to Load Impedance (ZL), normalized to Z0 (source impedance = center of chart). Home; Engineering; Electrical; Reflection coefficient (ρ) calculator - step by step calculation, formula & solved example problem to find how much of an electrical wave reflected by an impedance discontinuity in the transmission line or medium. Our waveguides are low loss transmission lines capable of handling high power with high isolation. 604*260^2)/ (8*1550). 3. Microstrip Characteristic ImpedanceDielectric loss in a PCB transmission line. The phase currents were measured in the substation at one end of the line, taking particular care to measure the zero-sequence. Instead, the above calculator implements Wadell’s equations for stripline impedance, which can be found in his textbook Transmission Line Design Handbook. Transmission-Line Calculator. Pi-Matching Impedance Network Calculator. The process seems simple enough, since all we need is a. The physical configuration and properties of all the components determines the characteristic impedance, distortion, transmission speed, and loss. All the math involved is well explained and documented by Dan AC6LA on his site. ATLC - Arbitrary Transmission Line Calculator. Inductance Calculator. d d = coaxial cable inner diameter. The image below shows the. 2: A broadband RF balun as coupled lines wound around a ferrite core: (a) physical realization (the wires 1– 2 and 3– 4 form a single transmission line); (b) equivalent circuit using a wire-wound transformer (the number of primary and secondary windings are equal); and (c) packaged as a module (Model TM1-9 with a. In the end, I chose to trust the Chemandy GCPW calculator. The propagation delay calculator will allow you to calculate the time it takes for a signal to travel from its source to its final destination. 7 Transmission Line Equations V V e V e I ZTransmission line theory is a cornerstone in the teaching of RF and microwave engineering. To set this property, set Parameter to 'Inductance'. TX-LINE: Transmission Line Calculator Cadence/AWR. uk) This is referred to as relay coordination. Example: 2. Quarter Wave Transformer Impedance Calculator. "Lobing" between two spherical wavefronts (drivers) Calculate Driver Reference Efficiency with & without Enclosure. QucsStudio does definitely have a better transmission line calculator, although all of those tools are completely separate so you can just lift the binary itself out of the package. One of the most basic parameters of a transmission line is zo, its characteristic impedance. some spacers to place periodically along the wire, positioned to maintain a relatively constant spacing. Return Loss. The dimensions of some of the. We recommend the software from Polar Instruments if you want to get exact impedance calculation. This tool calculates the matching network necessary to terminate a line of the specified characteristic impedence (Z o) in a specific complex load impedence (R L + jX L) at a specified frequency. These formulas can be found in various texts and most of them are derived in the book "Inductance Calculations" by F. We define the characteristic impedance of a transmission line as the ratio of the voltage to the current amplitude of the forward wave as shown in Equation 6, or the ratio of the voltage to the current amplitude of the reflected wave as shown in Equation 7 . At present, most of the methods for studying the operating temperature and dynamic capacity of overhead transmission lines are based on the numerical calculation method based on the heat balance equation 4 and the finite element analysis method. Metric. In some cases, users require a custom impedance value. With the help of this transmission line and several other 33 kV lines, power was supplied from Shidhirgonj to the Dhaka area (in addition to the power received from Kaptai, power was also generated at the Shidhirgonj 30 MW power station). The transmission line model is used in many of the loss calculations. Abstract. When in doubt, use 1 for copper, . The transmission-line equations enable us to discuss the wave propagation phenomena along an arrangement of two parallel conductors having uniform cross section in terms of circuit quantities instead of in terms of field quantities. Open ended transmission line. A microstrip is a type of transmission line in which a strip of a conducting material like copper is mounted on a dielectric material and routed to a ground plane. Here, both the supply voltage vm(1) and the line’s load-end voltage vm(3) remain steady at 1 volt. The input impedance of a transmission line with arbitrary terminating impedance is zL = ZL Z0 0 = zL − 1 zL 1 = ∣ ∣ e j L = 2 f c r = 2 r Z ¿ = Z0 1 e −2 j L 1− e −2 j L We will use the Smith Chart to ease the calculation of this complex quantity. Antenova's all-new GCPW transmission line calculator has been engineered to give you quick, easy and flexible options when it comes to selecting the optimum dimensions of your transmission lines. Kenneth L. Smith, the originator of the Smith Chart. Click here to download the AA3RL Transmission Line Calculator. These. β = 0. Understanding coax can be helpful when working with it. This parameter is used for the loss calculations. Lcoax ≈ μ0μrL 2π ln( D d) L c o a x ≈ μ 0 μ r L 2 π l n ( D d) Where: Lcoax L c o a x = inductance of the coaxial cable in henries (H) μ0 μ 0 = permeability of free space = 4π×10 −7. Kenneth L. Select the box with the. 7 (a)) ΔΓ = (Z0(z) + Δz) − Z0(z) (Z0 + ΔZ) + Z0(z) = ΔZ 2Z0(z) + ΔZ ≈. A Transmission line calculator, Version 0. TLDetails includes a plot function that allows you to plot the matched line loss, the true velocity factor, or the true characteristic impedance magnitude, over a frequency range of either 0. HF Antenna Trimming Chart. It is the evolution of the AIRDAMP model, whose development, and the principles that allow it to work, are illustrated in the above-mentioned article. Terminal impedance Z term & characteristic impedance Z 0 are the key terms of this calculation. Description. Height: Height of the substrate. Z = Impedance of circuit element (i. atlc - Arbitrary Transmission Line Calculator (for transmission lines and directional couplers) by Dr. This online reflection coefficient calculator calculates the reflection coefficient (Γ) by entering the value of the characteristic impedance Z o (in ohms. 2 is pivoted at the center of the calculator. Calculate the Displacement Volume for Your Driver. Excel 7. Example 7. 1: 300-to- 50 Ω match using an quarter-wave section of line. and b is the propagation constant of a transmission line. KV LL = Base Voltage (Kilo Volts Line-to-Line) MVA 3Ф = Base Power. Transmission lines take on many forms in order to accommodate particular applications. 1. Compared to waveguides, microstrip is generally has a lower power handling capacity, and higher losses due to the fact that it is not enclosed. **Note: Like our stripline impedance calculator, all of our RF calculators allow SI prefix input. Microwave Engineering. The Transmission Line Calculator is a powerful tool for understanding and analyzing transmission line properties, including characteristic impedance, resistance, inductance, conductance, and capacitance per unit length. Under common mode driving (same magnitude, same polarity), the even mode impedance is the impedance of one transmission line in the pair. Characteristic Impedance Ω. This video demonstrates the use of the transmission line calculator. What is Microstrip Impedance? Active calculator for microstrip transmission line using equations quoted by Rick Hartley giving characteristic impedance and effective dielectric constant, with equations used. Microstrip line LINKS. 11) becomes Z(z) = Z 0 1 + Le2j z. Modelling practical transmission lines. The nice part about coax is that it can be bent and flexible unlike most pcb transmission lines. Large selection of online interactive calculators for RF design, including attenuators, capacitance, resonance, RF traps, and microstrip impedance. Let's look at a few 40-meter horizontal loops with an open circuit loop as a reference, and compare it to others loaded by a 1/4 wave transmission line stub. Click the "Calculate" button to show the calculated transmission line parameters. Multiple dielectric transmission line calculator using a 2D field solver to compute the transmission line characteristics from the circuit trace dimensions entered by the user. , 142 (September 1995) 481-486. RF and. Clemson Vehicular Electronics Laboratory: Transmission Line Impedance Calculator. This video demonstrates the use of the transmission line calculator. High mismatch loss means high reflected power, so. Due to the additional feed track dimensions, matching impedances via GPCW feed lines is a complex process. In electrical engineering, a transmission line is a specialized cable or other structure designed to. What's happening is that the output from the transmission line 'fills in' the dips. g. Transmission Line Parameter Calculator. PowerWorld Transmission Line Parameter Calculator v. shunt capacitance, and shunt conductance. Vs = Sending end phase voltage. The transmission line parameter calculator is a tool designated to compute characteristic line parameters give the type of the conductor and the configuration of a three-phase overhead transmission line. Vehicle speed in MPH. The substrate parameters (ε r and h) are required. This chapter is. AWR has one of the nicer free transmission line loss calculator apps I have seen in a long time. for V and I . For example, if you wish to input "25000000", just type "25M" instead. In the network schematic view, connect the transmission line to a port, other transmission lines or general networks. This free online interactive Smith chart tool is a calculator which can help you design matching networks and obtain maximum power transfer between your source and load. Edit By Form Rho: Conductor resistivity relative to copper. A cross-sectional view is shown in Figure 1. Access technical papers, white papers, calculators, tools and more for circuit laminates, prepreg and bonding materials. The AWR Design Environment Transmission Line Calculator lets you calculate and set transmission line dimensions for a specified impedance and electrical length directly from microstrip, stripline, coplanar or rectangular waveguide, or coaxial components on a schematic, accelerating the design of distributed networks such as. A two part calculator which gives ideal and preferred value resistors, showing most formulas used and a link to the others. Parallel Circular Conductor Transmission Line Calculator - Design a parallel circular wire balanced transmission line with this online calculator. Transmission line loss can be calculated using the following formula: Loss = I 2 × R. Gain Uncertainty due to Mismatch Calculator. Users need only specify the material properties for. Calculate S-Parameters and Group Delay of Equation-Based Transmission Line. The Transmission Line Parameter Calculator app computes resistance (R), inductance (L), conductance (G), and capacitance (C) as well as the characteristic impedance and propagation constant for some common transmission lines types: coaxial line, twin lead, microstrip line, and coplanar waveguide (CPW). Description. W is the width of the microstrip trace. The tool provides two networks that will have the desired impedence at that frequency. In the field of electrical engineering, it's important to calculate the terminal voltage to analyse the transmission lines characteristics. Misunderstanding VSWR misleads. 5. Oregon State University ECE391– Transmission Lines Spring Term 2014 Propagation Speeds for Typical Dielectrics Dielectric Rel. What the utility companies deal in are 50 or 60 Hz power transmission lines, and at these frequencies characteristic impedances. Parameters: Results: Line Type:. 60. If the voltage and current to the motor are 400 V and 8. The. 05); Calculate the S-parameters of the equation-based transmission line over the frequency range 1 – 4 GHz. 5. This tool is javascript so it works on Windows, Mac, IOS, Android. Models have been created to approximate the characteristics of the coax cable transmission line. Transmission Line parameter calculator tool. 1. Set Parameters as Desired. The Smith Chart achieves this by superimposing a grid on S11 that maps load impedance. In addition to the characteristic impedance of a transmission line, the tool also calculates. Any transmission line that is not load terminated into its characteristic impedance has a variable impedance all along the line. Coaxial Cable. When you make a ninety degree bend in a transmission line you add a small amount of capacitance. I have a doubt about line loss per km at both 33&220kv line and how to calculate them. shunt capacitance, and shunt conductance. The transmission line parameter calculator is a tool designated to compute characteristic line parameters give the type of the conductor and the configuration of a three-phase. Narrow Trace Over Plane. Calculate the Transmission Line impedance Z0 for a large variety of mechanical structures. In the case of a 6 dB return loss, this is equivalent to 0. An experiment has been performed to compare the calculated and measured magnetic fields produced by a double-circuit 400 kV transmission line. 2 (1), 1-6. some wire and b. Keep in mind that the conversions only hold exactly at one frequency, ω. 3. The result also depends on the length and phase propagation constant of the line. = 10000 x (7000/ (2000 + 7000)) Vterm = 7. 0 value of the line to this point on the chart—50 Ω for a 50-Ω line, for example. There are some advantages to using a. The diagram below shows how to implement a quarter-wave line for impedance matching between a transmission line and a real load impedance. In this section, zo is calculated for four common transmission lines — coaxial, twin-lead, parallel plate, and microstrip. The Antenna Magus Toolbox contains a collection of useful tools and utilities for Antenna designers to simplify everyday antenna tasks. Modeling approximation can be used to understand the impedance of. To use this applet, change the values in the input fields, and click calculate. Consider the following circuit: In low frequency circuit theory, the input impedance would simply be ZA. This tool can calculate several critical parameters like unit length that describe your traces for different arrangements, including microstrips, embedded. 2. Transcalc is built using the GIMP toolkit (GTK+) for its GUI interface. Inductance Calculator. This will also provide the time delay the cable provides for a signal and also the capacitance and inductance per. The presence of standing waves in a transmission line means part of the incident signal is being reflected back to the source. real power, reactive power, and current flow in each transmission line and transformer. Coplanar Waveguide Calculator. 725. 6 on a resistance circle means a resistance of 1. Altium Designer Has the Best Impedance Calculator. The given data. Z PU = Per Unit Impedance. 44 x A0. Transmission-Line Calculator. A twisted-pair cable is simply two wires that are twisted together so as to reduce radiated EMI (electromagnetic interference) and mitigate the effects of received EMI. Transparent arm shown in Fig. Our waveguides are low loss transmission lines capable of handling high power with high isolation. 1 - Circular transmission line calculator with separately rotatable "wavelengths" scale around rim. That bilinear transformation was originally just as in equation (5) with the Smith chart center Zi=1+j0 ohms, but is equally applicable to (2) or (3) where the. and b is the propagation constant of a transmission line. Satellite Look Angle Calculator. A twisted-pair cable is simply two wires that are twisted together so as to reduce radiated EMI (electromagnetic interference) and mitigate the effects of received EMI. Characteristic impedance is purely a function of the capacitance and. A 90° transmission line shorted at the far end acts like a parallel LC tank circuit. It also provides models for the cable. The formula is: Line Loss (dB) = 10 * log10(Pin / Pout) Where Pin is the input power and Pout is the output power. It is based on transcalc's latest CVS version with some minor fixes incorporated. Of course this is not unique to transmission lines; the dip is also an issue for tapped horns and back loaded horns. While this calculator will provide a baseline, any final design considerations should be made towards loss, dispersion, copper roughness, phase shift, etc. The magnitude of the coupled voltage between adjacent traces is also provided. 75. We can also see how built-in transmission. This calculator finds both odd and even transmission line impedance. This is a special scenario. This enables you to foresee the design challenges and make the required tweaks to achieve the desired. This type of transmission line is frequently encountered as a feed line on antenna booms, especially with log-periodic dipole arrays. ac lin 101 1m 1meg * Using “Nutmeg” program to plot analysis . The twisted pair helps create a more. A transmission line, in the general sense, has a characteristic impedance, which can be calculated in various ways, or which can be measured. The transmission line design and routing utilities in Altium Designer give you the complete package: an advanced calculator, a powerful routing engine, and an. 6 A. W W = trace width. 2. 2. The normalized input impedance for that transmission line is read from the Smith Chart to be 1 - j0. In the first model, without a transmission line, make a note of the "Slice Max Gain" as shown in the 2D Plot window. The dielectric constant of vacuum is unity. 3e-7. It is only equal to double the characteristic impedance in certain cases. Transmission lines Transmission line concepts and an online transmission line calculator by Owen Duffy, VK1OD. This calculator helps you determine the magnitude of the crosstalk that could occur on a microstrip given its dimensions and source voltage. Voltage Standing Wave Ration (VSWR) The voltage standing wave ratio is the magnitude of a standing wave caused by a mismatch impedance. Simons, "Coplanar Waveguide Circuits, Components, and Systems", Wiley. This online microstrip impedance calculator calculates the characteristic impedance of the microstrip (Ω), W/H ratio, and effective dielectric constant (εe) by entering the value of dielectric material relative permittivity (εr), the width of the copper trace (W), and dielectric height (H). All of these consist of two metallic domains, arranged in various configurations. The simplified test bench setup shown in the above figure is used to measure the cross talk between two microstrip lines on a grounded substrate. 1. The effective area, Sd, of 88. PowerWorld Transmission Line Parameter Calculator v. Determine the Dimensions of your Speaker Box based on the Calculated Volume. Importance of the Impedance Curve / Bass Reflex Alignment. Microstrip Characteristic Impedance Calculator Using a Formula by Brian C Wadell Used for calculating the Zo of PCB transmission lines, showing the formula used. This tool helps you create a matching circuit so that optimal power transfer occurs between unmatched loads. The impedance Zo of a two-conductor transmission line, as well as the odd-mode, even-mode, differential.